pintiniblog

Milton, Nick, Knowledge Technologies, Polimetrica, 2008 (déposé sur E-LIS).

[ pdf ]

Several technologies are emerging that provide new ways to capture, store, present and use knowledge. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive introduction to five of the most important of these technologies: Knowledge Engineering, Knowledge Based Engineering, Knowledge Webs, Ontologies and Semantic Webs. For each of these, answers are given to a number of key questions (What is it? How does it operate? How is a system developed? What can it be used for? What tools are available? What are the main issues?). The book is aimed at students, researchers and practitioners interested in Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence, Design Engineering and Web Technologies.

What will 2008 mean for the Semantic Web? (le point de vue de Planet RDF)

Le Semantic Web Education and Outreach (SWEO) Interest Group (W3C) a publié une version draft intitulée "Cool URIs for the Semantic Web" d'un document mettant en évidence le rôle primordial joué par les URI dans le développement du "web sémantique":

"The Resource Description Framework RDF allows the users to describe Web documents and resources from the real world—people, organisations, things—in a computer-processable way. Publishing such descriptions on the Web creates the Semantic Web. URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) are very important, forming the link between RDF and the Web. This document presents guidelines for their effective use. It discusses two strategies, called 303 URIs and hash URIs. It gives pointers to several Web sites that use these solutions, and briefly discusses why several other proposals have problems."

Via Planet RDF

10 Semantic Apps to Watch (sur Read/WriteWeb, 29 nov. 07):

"One of the highlights of October's Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco was the emergence of 'Semantic Apps' as a force. Note that we're not necessarily talking about the Semantic Web, which is the Tim Berners-Lee W3C led initiative that touts technologies like RDF, OWL and other standards for metadata. Semantic Apps may use those technologies, but not necessarily. This was a point made by the founder of one of the Semantic Apps listed below, Danny Hillis of Freebase (who is as much a tech legend as Berners-Lee).

The purpose of this post is to highlight 10 Semantic Apps. We're not touting this as a 'Top 10', because there is no way to rank these apps at this point - many are still non-public apps, e.g. in private beta. It reflects the nascent status of this sector, even though people like Hillis and Spivack have been working on their apps for years now."

Via LISNews

Berners-Lee, T., Hollenbach, J., Lu, K., Presbrey, J., Pru d'ommeaux, E., Schraefel, M. C. (2007), Tabulator Redux: Writing Into the Semantic Web. Technical Report ECSIAMeprint14773, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton. (déposé sur ECS EPrints)

"A first category of Semantic Web browsers were designed to present a given dataset (an RDF graph) for perusal, in various forms. These include mSpace, Exhibit, and to a certain extent Haystack. A second category tackled mechanisms and display issues around linked data gathered on the fly. These include Tabulator, Oink, Disco, Open Link Software's Data Browser, and Object Browser. The challenge of once that data is gathered, how might it be edited, extended and annotated has so far been left largely unaddressed. This is not surprising: there are a number of steep challenges for determining how to support editing information in the open web of linked data. These include the representation of both the web of documents and the web of things, and the relationships between them; ensuring the user is aware of and has control over the social context such as licensing and privacy of data being entered, and, on a web in which anyone can say anything about anything, helping the user intuitively select the things which they actually wish to see in a given situation. There is also the view update problem: the difficulty of reflecting user edits back through functions used to map web data to a screen presentation. In the latest version of the Tabulator project, described in this paper we have focused on providing the write side of the readable/writable web.
Our approach has been to allow modification and addition of information naturally within the browsing interface, and to relay changes to the server triple by triple for least possible brittleness (there is no explicit 'save' operation). Challenges which remain include the propagation of changes by collaborators back to the interface to create a shared editing system. To support writing across (semantic) Web resources, our work has contributed several technologies, including a HTTP/SPARQL/Update-based protocol between an editor (or other system) and incrementally editable resources stored in an open source, world-writable 'data wiki'. This begins enabling the writable Semantic Web."

Towards the Web of Intentions (Paul Miller, Talis):

"[...] I'd visited Cambridge as a guest of Peter Murray-Rust and his team.
Amongst other things, I was there to share some of our emerging ideas around the role that semantic technologies and Web 2.0 can play in taking us toward the 'Web of Intentions' [...]"

Via Planet RDF

Manuel Zacklad, Jean-Pierre Cahier, Aurélien Bénel, L’hédi Zaher, Christophe Lejeune, Chao Zhou, Hypertopic : une métasémiotique et un protocole pour le Web socio-sémantique in Actes des 18eme journées francophones d'ingénierie des connaissances (IC2007) - 18eme journées francophones d'ingénierie des connaissances (IC2007) 02 au 06 juillet 2007, France (2007). (déposé sur ArchiveSIC)

"Nous présentons les catégories de la métasémiotique Hypertopic et le protocole du même nom, que nous considérons être des outils particulièrement adaptés au Web socio-sémantique, en les illustrant par plusieurs exemples d’applications. Nous présenterons des éléments de description XML d’Hypertopic qui a vocation à faire l’objet d’un standard et nous le comparons à certains standards actuels du Web Sémantique."

RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing (W3C)
A collection of attributes and processing rules for extending XHTML to support RDF

"The modern Web is made up of an enormous number of documents that have been created using HTML. These documents contain significant amounts of structured data, which is largely unavailable to tools and applications. When publishers can express this data more completely, and when tools can read it, a new world of user functionality becomes available, letting users transfer structured data between applications and web sites, and allowing browsing applications to improve the user experience: an event on a web page can be directly imported into a user's desktop calendar; a license on a document can be detected so that users can be informed of their rights automatically; a photo's creator, camera setting information, resolution, location and topic can be published as easily as the original photo itself, enabling structured search and sharing."

Via Planet RDF

Lu sur Read/WriteWeb:

"Twine: The First Mainstream Semantic Web App?
Radar Networks is announcing a new Semantic Web application called Twine. Founder Nova Spivack showed me a demo today of the new app, which he described as a "knowledge networking" application. It has aspects of social networking, wikis, blogging, knowledge management systems - but its defining feature is that it's built with Semantic Web technologies. Spivack told me that Twine aims to bring a usable and scalable interface to the long-promised dream of the Semantic Web."

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Alex Iskold, The Structured Web - A Primer (Read/Write Web):

"Among the evolving aspects of the new web are Semantics, Attention (Implicit Behavior) and Personalization. Regardless of what we are decide to call this next web, the information in it is going to be more meaningful, more automatic, and more tailored to each of us.

A critical piece of the next web evolution is the introduction of structured information. This concept is so basic to us as humans, that we completely overlook the fact that it is quite foreign to computers. When a person looks at a book on Amazon, she sees a book, with the author, ISBN number, publisher and the publication date. To a computer that page on Amazon is nothing more than a bunch of HTML. Increasingly, information on the web is becoming more and more structured. This process is happening via several major movements:

* The rise of APIs
* The proliferation of vertical applications that run on top of existing data
* An increase in classic Semantic Technologies and Microformats
* The spread of RSS as an information delivery mechanism

In this post we'll look at how these movements collectively help power a more structured web."